royeau



u e e h S m e e h S u A E Y O R AM A u d 0 M 0 m MAUHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES.

Patented Jan. 2; 1883 fizl entor N. PETERS, Phob-Mhogmphar. Washington D c (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. A. ROYEAU.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES.

No. 269,885. Patented Jan. 2, 1883.

N. PETERS Phalo-Lilhographer. Washington. D. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3..

(No Model.)

A.A.ROYEAU.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF G ANDLES.' No. 269,885.

&

, 0 o c a o o N. Firms. PboIo-Ulhognphur. Winning UNITE STATES PATENT frrrca.

ALPHONSE A. ROYEAU, OF LE MANS, FRANCE.

MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,885, dated January 2, 1883.

Application filed August 24, 1882. (No model.) Patented in France August 4, 1880, No. 138,105; in Belgium October 22, 1880, No. 52,833; in Italy October 30. 1880, XXIV, 389; in Germany November 2, 1880, No. 14,452; in England November 12, 1880, No. 4,666; in Spain November 15, 1880, No. 501 and No. 1,252, and in AustriaHungary December 25, 1880. No. 34,914 and No. 40,388.

. To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALPHONSE ALEXANDRE ROYEAU, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Le Mans, (Sarthe,) France, have invented a new and useful Machineforthe Manufacture of Ga'ndles, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France August 4, 1880, No. 138,105, for fifteen years; Belgium, October 22, 1880, No.52,833, for fifteen years; England, November 12,1880, No. 4,666, for fourteen years; Germany, November 2, 1880, No. 14,452, for fifteen years; Austria-Hungary, December 25, 1880,No.34,974 and No. 40,388, forfifteen years; Spain,Novemberl5,1880,No.591and No. 1,252, for twenty years; Italy, October 30, 1880, No. 389,Volnn1e XXlV, for fifteen years,) and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainsto make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The improvements 1 am about to describe by the aid .of the accompanying drawings totally modify candle-making machines, as regards economy of construction and labor, the results obtained, and the quality of the products.

In principle my new machine is double. It comprises two series of rows of independent molds arranged in one frame, which molds are easily cleared one after the other, so that one casting havingjust been made in the front series, for example, the work-woman without loss of time proceeds to the removal of the back series and to the subsequent work for the casting.

1f,as'shown in the annexed drawings, the machine is arranged for the manufacture of candles every eight or ten minutes, exactly the time for the removal and casting, the work-woman passes from one series to the other, molding and removing without interruption; and if rows of eight molds and thirty-two rows per series are employed, the enormous production in round figures of fifteen thousand candles in ten hours work may be reached, all ready to be delivered for use; and as there is no limit to the number of rows of molds, that number may extend very much beyond what is shown in the drawings, and consequently the production can be even doubled or trebled.

The molds, arranged in special cases or jackets, are cooled after casting by the admission of cold water directed from below, which strikes the coldest part of the candle-namely, the head-first, then gradually rises until it com pletely fills the whole space surrounding the molds. Then, the admission of water continuing, acurrent is established from the cold-water inlet to the outlet. This current is stopped when it is proved that the water on leaving the machine has the same temperature as on entering. The candles may then be left at rest, or immediately the cold water has been drawn off the hot water necessary for freeing the candies from the molds may be admitted. This admission of hot water is effected in a direction opposite to that of the cold water, no longer at the head of the candle, but at the bottom, and instantly to all the molds, by a new arrangement of mechanism. The effectsof effecting the removal of the candles without effort and withontaccident. The products obtained are of great beauty, very compact, and if they are tallowcandles they possess the varnish and brillianoy of stearinc products.

I have said that the two series of molds (which each form what I call a Mouse) arcindependent one of the other. They have each their mechanism for lifting andfor the admission of hot and cold water, but they are specially remarkable in that they are dependent upon the common frame for their necessary support only, and that they can be placed in and taken out of this frame with the greatest facility, whether for the purpose of substituting one case for another in order to make a different number of candle or for the purposes of inspection or repair of some of theparts. I may mention, further, that the air drawn and forced in by the admission of water meets with no obstacle, as there is ajudicious arrangement of air-Vents, and consequently neither hot nor cold water is in any case stopped in its action.

one face of the machine; Fig. view, and Fig. 3 atransverse section.

Figs.4

dilatation are afterward general, and allow of In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation of is an end and 5 show an elevation and a plan of a row of molds. Fig. 6 shows, partlyin vertical section and partly in front view, some of these rows of molds. Figs. 7 and S are details of the wick-pinchers. Fig. 9 shows the adaptation of one of the ends of a case to one of the side frames. Figs. 10 and 11 show one of the bearings for the shafts arranged to allow the putting in place and removal of these shafts without dismounting the frame. Finally, Fig. 12 shows in elevation at new can for effecting at one operation the casting of the tallow or other material into each of the molds, forming together one row.

The frame of the machine is'of a form and dimensions designed to support two cases. It is cotuposed of two side frames, to a, united tirmly together by four stretchers, b. At the upper part and inside the side frames, to a, are furnished with ribs a. a, Fig. 9, which form two slides or guides, in which are fitted the ends of the metallic cross pieces or plates, 0 c, which carry and inclose the rows of molds. Each case thus comprises two cross-pieces, c c, and a certain number of rows of molds, fortning together a whole, which can be put in and taken out of the side frames, a a, at plea-sure, the ribs a. a, which exist in front and behind the frame, extending for that purpose as far as the front and back edges. t

In the drawings, Figs. 4, 5, and 6, a row of molds for each case contains eight molds, each formed of a copper casing orjacket, d, and of the tin-mold, properly so-called,.f, centered in the said casing. The latter is closed at the bottom, and is soldered at the top to a shelf, 0, common to the eight molds, and fixed by four screws to a wooden or metal cross-piece, g", \Vilit'il rises above the sides of the case 0. The mold fis held in place by tightening the nut f on the bottom of thejacket. Twoindia-rubber washers, d and d secure the tightness of the joints above and below. The eight jackets d cotnmunicate near the bottom by eight branches with a pipe, 9, which connects with the principal conduit G. Near the top theyare also connected by eight branches formed in the shelf 0 with apipe, h, connected at one end with a pan or trough, H, and receiving at the open end an easy-fitting pipe, h, pierced V with eight. holes correspondingto the branches.

The pipe h is closed at its outer end, and itis there fixed to a piece, 1', the object of which is to communicate to it the turning movement required for opening and closing the branches. Level with these latter, each jacket has an india-rubber washer, d which leaves a small annular hollow round the mold, the object of which is to form an obstacle to the outlet above of the hot water admitted and to retard the ascension of the cold water. The intervals between two consecutive shelves 0 are covered by cover-joints e, the convexity of which returns the tallow'into the bottom of the said shelves. All the pieces 1 which act as cranks, are connected to a single bar, j,

which is drawn out or pushed in at pleasure by a. lever, j, and a connectiug-rod, 9' according as it is desired to open or close, by a single motion all the pipes h. The barj goes through openings formed in the sides a of the frame. A small wooden or metal board, 21, covers this part of the mechanism and carries the trough '0, into which escape any excess of material and the waste. It is only necessary to unbolt the small board 17 in order to take out the case a.

The pan or trough H is for the admission ot hot water and also for the outlet of cold water. It is for that purpose furnished at one end with the emptying pipe and cook k The conduit G is for the admission of cold water. It carries at its two ends, and even from place to place, if necessary, air-pipes g g. g is the admission-cock; 9 the emptying-cock. Each case has its own conduits and admissions of hotand cold water.

The lower cross-pieces, I), of the frame support the box K, which contains the balls of wick, and which for that purpose is provided with the necessary arrangements for securing a regular unwinding of the wicks and facilizy of putting in place. The wicks m, after having passed through the top of the box K, enter the molds, being subjected to a suitable tension,and are then fixed securely to the wickpinchers. These pinchers, which are distinct for each row of molds, are pieces of brass or other metal, p, bolted or riveted to two angleirons, q g, which extend from end to end of the machine. These pieces are shaped in such manner that rings p, equal in number to the molds of each row, can be fixed at equal distances on the said piece p, Figs. 7 and S. In these rings is fitted an iron rod, 12 having notches 12 cut therein opposite each of these rings. A screw, p, prevents the rod 1) from turning on itself duringthe longitudinal movements which are communicated to it by the tightening of the nut 12", hearing against the fixed abutment p, or by hand, or otherwise,in the contrary direction. The wicks mare placed in the notches p", when the latter are drawn out of the rings 1), the nut 12 is then turned, and all the notches enter with the wicks into the rings 1), by which the said wicks are firmly pinched and held. In order to disengage the wicks, the nut 11 is unscrewed and the rod 1) is pushed back by hand or by a light blow of a hammer. The angle-irons q-q are carried by two cast-iron cross-heads, n n, which slide on the two vertical guides 0 0, and are raised and lowered in the following manner: Each of the cross-heads n is attached to two racks, r r, which gear with two spur-pinious, 7" r, keyed on the same horizontal shaft r. The shaft, r turns in bearings s s,bolted to the frame,and receives, near the middle of the machine, a bevel-pinion, s, gearing with a similar pinion, t, keyed on the end of the shaft t, which extends i'rom one side frame to the other, resting in the bearings t Figs.10 and 11, adapted IIO to the frame. At one of its ends the shaft t is furnished with a crank-handle, i which, as will be understood,efi'ects simultaneously and regularly the raising or lowering of the two cross heads it appropriate to each case, 0. Ratchet-wheels m, with retaining-pawls m, are arranged either on one of the shafts, T or on one of the ends of the principal shaft, t.

The machine has two crank-handles-onefor the use of each case and one at each cndin order to leave the movements entirely independent. It is the same with the two levers j which command the opening and closing of the pipes 9.

Action of the machine: In order to put the machine to work, the work-woman attaches the wicks of one case to the pinchers, the latter being a little above the shelves, and she then brings the can (shown in Fig. 12) full of hot tallow,and passing it between each of the rows of molds, she fills them oneafter the other from the first to the last. Waiting a few minutes after filling, she admits the cold water, producing a current from below upward until she observes that the water enters and leaves at the same temperature. In order to establish this current, she opens the cocks g and if, and also the pipes h, of each row. The cocks g and h are then closed. 9 is opened to empty out the cold water. It is afterward closed, as well as the pipes h, ready for the admission of hot water into the pan or trough H. This hot water is afterward directed into the moldsby moving the lever j, and it is emptied out after having moved the leverj in the reverse direction and opened the cocks Before the admission of the hot water, which immediately precedes the removal of the candles, the workwoman has placed herselfoppositethe second case, where she has recommenced the same operations. Then, when the operations of attaching the wicks and the casting are completed, she returns to the first case to admit the hot water and to eftectthe removal of the candles from this first case, alter which she recommences a fresh casting before returning to the other side of the machine.

When these machines are of large size 1 propose to connect the pouring-cans to carriages which circulate between and over two machines and which will carry the material'to be p cast, such as tallow, stearine, or other. The cans will thus be easily handled, as they will only require to contain thematerial for filling one case, and it will suffice to connect them in a supple and flexible manner to-the carriages.

The improvements above described are partly applicable to existing machines.

I claim 1. The combination of the frame a, having ribs to a, with the cross pieces or plates 0 c, and rows of molds d d, substantially as herein shown and described.

' 2. The molds at, having branches 9 it, combined with inner molds, f, nutf, and washers d 6?, substantially as herein shown and described.

3. The tallow-moldsf, combined with outer mold, (1, branches 1 It, vessels G H, and cooks g g and If.

4. The perforated pipe h, combined with branched pipe h, and with rods 2', barj, and lever j, for operation substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The tallow-can having discharge-pipe with perforated side and combined with outer perforated pipe, 3 having handle 3 substantiallyas herein shown and described.

ALPHONSE ALEXANDRE ROYEAU.

Witnesses A. BLETRY, R0131. M. HooPER. 

